biological activity | APX-115 free base (Ewha-18278 free base) is an effective and orally active inhibitor of pan NADPH oxidase (pan-Nox). the Ki values for nox1, nox2 and nox4 are 1.08 μM, 0.57 μM and 0.63 μM respectively. APX-115 free base (Ewha-18278 free base) can significantly inhibit MCP-1/CCL2, IL-6 and TNFα in diabetic kidney. |
target | TargetValue MCP-1/CCL2 () IL-6 () TNFα () NOX2 (Cell-free say) 0.57 μM(Ki) NOX4 (Cell-free say) 0.63 μM(Ki) |
Target | Value |
MCP-1/CCL2
()
| |
IL-6
()
| |
TNFα
()
| |
NOX2
(Cell-free assay)
| 0.57 μM(Ki) |
NOX4
(Cell-free assay)
| 0.63 μM(Ki) |
in vitro study | APX-115 free base (5 μM; 60 min) almost completely inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory and fibrotic molecules in mouse podocyte cell lines induced by high glucose. In the kidney, APX-115 free base attenuates Nox gene up-regulation and protein expression while improving inflammatory and fibrotic processes. |
in vivo studies | APX-115 free base (oral gavage; 60 mg/kg/day; 12 weeks) significantly improved insulin resistance in diabetic mice. APX-115 free base treatment decreased urinary protein excretion and plasma creatinine levels. Animal Model: Six-week-old male diabetic db/db mice (C57BLKS/J- lepr db /lepr db ) Dosage: 60 mg/kg Administration: Oral gavage; per day; for 12 weeks Result: Significantly improved insulin resistance in diabetic mice. |
Animal Model:
| Six-week-old male diabetic db/db mice (C57BLKS/J- lepr db /lepr db ) |
Dosage:
| 60 mg/kg |
Administration:
| Oral gavage; per day; for 12 weeks |
Result:
| Significantly improved insulin resistance in diabetic mice. |